A Four-Part Blog Series

Indian Horse

& the Practice of Cultural Safety

What a novel about an Ojibwe boy, a residential school, and a hockey rink taught me about twenty years of emergency care and why it belongs in every paramedic classroom in Canada.

Read the series

Indian Horse 2017 film poster
Indian Horse (dir. Stephen S. Campanelli, 2017, Elevation Pictures)
Indian Horse novel by Richard Wagamese
Indian Horse by Richard Wagamese (Douglas & McIntyre, 2012)

Explore the full work

Abstract References

Four Posts · Read in Order

1
Part One

The Drunk on the Stretcher

On carrying assumptions into emergency care for nearly twenty years and what it finally took to begin examining them. A settler paramedic's entry point into Indian Horse and the question of reconciliation.

PositionalitySettler IdentityTransformative Learning
2
Part Two

The Story: Indian Horse

Richard Wagamese's novel and the 2017 film adaptation. Saul Indian Horse, his grandmother's world, St. Jerome's Residential School, and how hockey became both refuge and prison.

Indigenous KnowledgeCognitive ImperialismResidential Schools
3
Part Three

The Revelation and What It Reorganizes

The novel's central wound: silence, compound oppression, and what Crenshaw's intersectionality reveals about why Saul had no recourse. What healing actually requires, and the silence I now hear on calls.

IntersectionalityIntergenerational TraumaWhite Ignorance
4
Part Four · Final

What Indian Horse Taught Me About My Own Classroom

Two structural gaps in Canadian paramedic education, the TRC's Calls to Action 23 & 24, and why Indian Horse belongs in every professional health curriculum. The case for story as pedagogy.

Paramedic EducationDecolonizing CurriculumTRC Calls to Action

Complete Site — Read in This Order

Start HereAbstractSummary, keywords & theoretical frameworks Part 1The Drunk on the StretcherPositionality & entry into the book Part 2The Story: Indian HorseThe novel, the film & residential schools Part 3The RevelationSilence, trauma & intersectionality Part 4 · FinalWhat Indian Horse Taught MeParamedic education & TRC calls to action BibliographyReferences
About the Author

Andy Ramonal

Paramedic Educator
Ontario College
19 Years Clinical Practice

I am a Filipino-Canadian paramedic and educator based in Ontario. My parents arrived in Canada in 1973. I have spent nearly twenty years on ambulances, and three years in the classroom training the next generation of paramedic students.

This blog series grew out of graduate work in Diversity in Adult Education and a reckoning — slow, uncomfortable, and necessary — with what I did not know about the patients I was caring for, and why.

Indian Horse broke something open. These posts are an attempt to pass that through to my students.